Sunday, 4 December 2011

adjusting entries...

                                           ADJUSTING ENTRIES
             
            The purpose of adjusting entries is to assign to each accounting period appropriate amount of revenue and expenses.


                                        Need for adjusting entries

  Adjusting entries are needed  at the end of each accounting period to make certain that appropriate amounts of revenue and expense  are reported in the company income statement.

                                TYPES OF ADJUSTING ENTRIES

  1.Converting assets to expenses.
  
A cash expenditure that will benefit more than one accounting period usually is recorded by debiting asset account and by crediting cash.adjusting entry for this is to debiting the expense account(e.g supplies expense or insurance expense) and crediting  the related asset account( e.g unexpired insurance , supplies, prepaid rent).

         example....
        cash paid in advance for the rent amounting 6000 by the company for three months. 
                  
                            prepaid rent       6000 
                                                  cash   6000
                         (rent paid for three months in advance)

                                           ""  ADJUSTING ENTRY""

                                           rent expense   2000
                                                   prepaid rent 2000
                                                  
                  CONCEPT OF DEPRECIATION
        
          Depreciable assets.
                      Depreciable asset are physical object that retain that retain there size and shape.
                      e.g buildings, all type of equipments,fixtures etc.
          
            Depreciation.
                       depreciation expense occur over the life of the asset.it means the systematic allocation of the cost  of the depreciable asset to expense over the assets life.

                                                  Adjusting entry.

                                        depreciation expense
                                                                          accumulated depreciation asset.

 2.Converting liabilities to revenue.
                                     
                Amounts collected in advance do not represent revenue  because these amounts havenot yet been earned..when a company collects money in advance from its customer it has an obligation to render services in future.so the balance of the unearned revenue is cosiderd  to be a liability.

                                        ADJUSTING ENTRY.
                    
                        Unearned revenue 
                                            revenue earned. 

 3.Accruing unpaid expenses.


        Expenses that will be paid in future transactions.theereforeno cost has yet been recorded in the accounting records.

                         EXAMPLES...
        
                            Salaries of employees, interest on borrowed money etc.......

At the end of accounting period,an adjusting entry should be made to record any expenses that have accrued but are not recorded.

                                      ADJUSTING ENTRY

                 expense
                              expense payable  
    
4.Accruing revenue....    

Any revenue that has been earned but not recoeded during the current accounting period should be recorded at the end of the period by means of adjusting entries.

Adjusting entry consists of a debit to an account recievable and credit to an appropriate revenue account.


                                          ADJUSTING ENTRY
         
                       account recievable
                                                                      
                                                                     revenue account

                 It can also be written as a income recievable debit and credit revenue aur income account............













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